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flamings |
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g ģ h i ī j k ķ |
gliemezis |
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suns |
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varde |
zutis |
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NOTE: Animal clipart found on this page were downloaded from sites holding public domain image archives. We hope to summarize these resources in future issues.
| Quick Links | čīta | delfīns | gepards |
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Some animals in this dictionary are native to Latvia;
some are not.
The purpose of this section is to compile
notes, questions, and comments about animal names, grammar,
noun latvianization,
or related issues concernig the
general acceptance of terminology
presented throughout the "Ābece". The range and distribution
of animal species is currently beyond the scope of this issue.
For non-native animal species without a common
Latvian term, we will present a
"latvianized" version [LatVer] with an explanation.
We welcome your input!
"čīta"
for cheetah
LatVer: Latvian phonetics of a common english noun
Reference [1]: "čeks" for cheque and "čempions" for champion
"delfīns"
for
"dolphin"
Reference [1]: "delfīns" for dolphin
???
For words such as "delfīns", what are the main rules which
dictate noun conjugation for singular and plural forms?
* feminine case noun conjugated as base "i"
- tā ...
Example word list:
acs,
asins,
ass,
auss,
avs,
azots,
balss,
birzs,
blakts,
Cēsis,
cilts,
Daugavpils,
debess,
dur(v)is,
dūksts,
dzelzs,
govs,
ilkss,
izkapts,
jūtis,
kārts,
klēts,
klints,
krasns,
krūts,
kūts,
lecekts,
līksts,
maksts,
nakts,
nāss,
olekts,
palts,
pāksts,
pils,
pirkstis,
pirts,
sakts,
sāls,
sirds,
smilts,
telts,
uguns,
uts,
valsts,
vāts,
vēsts,
zivs,
zoss,
žults
Plural forms
- tās ...
blaktis, govis, utis, zivis, zosis
* masculine case noun conjugated as base "a"
- tas ...
Example word list:
deguns,
gans,
kalns,
putns,
spilvens,
zvans
Plural forms
- tie ... putni
* masculine case noun conjugated as base "consonant"
[līdzskaņu celmi]
- tas ...
Example word list:
akmens,
asmens,
mēness,
rudens,
suns,
tesmens,
ūdens,
zibens
Plural forms
- tie ... suņi
To differentiate between
masculine and feminine nominative case nouns,
answer the question "Is it tas delfīns [masculine] or
tā delfīns [feminine]?".
The answer is "tas delfīns". This is based upon
which sounds better.
For those of us where sound is not
intuitive, a general rule of thumb is to memorize the feminine
case noun base "i" words as "tā" and assume all others to be "tas".
To differentiate between base "a" and base "consonant" nominative (nom.) case nouns, we conjugate the singular noun in the genitive (gen.) and accusative (acc.) cases.
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base "a" singular - plural |
base "consonant" singular - plural |
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| nom. kas? | delfīn-s | delfīn-i | delfīn-s | delfīņ-i |
| gen. kā? | delfīn-a | delfīn-u | delfīn-s | delfīņ-u |
| acc. ko? | delfīn-u | delfīn-us | delfīn-i | delfīņ-us |
The answer is base "a" because it
sounds better. This would make the plural form
for dolphins
delfīni and not delfīņi.
For those of us where sound is not
intuitive, a general rule of thumb is to memorize the masculine
case noun base "consonant" words and assume all others to be
base "a".
We are looking for more tips and tricks to help us with our grammar. We also hope to extend the example word lists. Please let us know if you would like to see something included.
"gepards"
for ???
Comment: We have a general reference comment that "gepards" is an animal.
Does
anyone have a more
specific reference?
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